Introduction

When warm weather arrives, many people suffer from seasonal eye allergies. One of the most common yet underdiagnosed forms is Spring Catarrh, medically known as Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). This condition mainly affects children, teenagers, and young adults, especially in tropical or warm climates.

In this article, we’ll explain what Spring Catarrh is, why it occurs, its symptoms, treatment options, and prevention tips.

What is Spring Catarrh (Vernal Conjunctivitis)?

Spring Catarrh (VKC) is a chronic allergic eye condition triggered by exposure to warm weather, dust, pollen, and seasonal allergens. Unlike simple eye allergies, VKC can cause more severe inflammation and discomfort, often recurring every year during spring or summer.

It is more common in:

• Children and teenagers (especially boys aged 5–15 years)
• People living in warm, dry, or tropical climates
• Those with a personal or family history of asthma, eczema, or hay fever

 Also Read Healthy Habits for Eyes 

Causes of Spring Catarrh

The main causes include:

• Allergen exposure: Pollen, dust, and environmental irritants
• Hot and dry weather: Heat worsens allergic inflammation
• Genetic predisposition: Linked to family history of allergies
• Overactive immune response: The body reacts strongly to harmless particles like pollen

Symptoms of Spring Catarrh

Common signs include:

• Intense eye itching and redness
• Watery or stringy discharge
• Swollen eyelids
• Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
• Foreign body sensation (feeling like sand in the eye)
• Blurry vision in severe cases

Diagnosis

Eye specialists (ophthalmologists) diagnose VKC through:

• Clinical eye examination
• Slit-lamp evaluation (to check conjunctiva & cornea)
• Reviewing seasonal history of symptoms

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on severity:

1. Mild Cases
   • Artificial tears (lubricating eye drops)
   • Cold compresses to reduce itching and redness
2. Moderate Cases
   • Antihistamine eye drops (to reduce itching)
   • Mast cell stabilizers (to prevent allergic reaction)
3. Severe Cases
   • Steroid eye drops (under strict medical supervision)
   • Immunomodulator drops (e.g., cyclosporine)

Never self-medicate with steroid drops. Always consult an eye specialist.

Home Remedies & Prevention Tips

• Wear sunglasses to protect eyes from dust and pollen
• Keep windows closed during peak pollen season
• Wash eyes with cold water frequently
• Avoid rubbing eyes (worsens inflammation)
• Use air purifiers indoors if possible

Complications if Untreated

If neglected, Spring Catarrh can cause:

• Chronic eye irritation
• Corneal ulcers
• Permanent vision problems (rare but possible)

Early diagnosis and treatment prevent complications.

Conclusion

Spring Catarrh (Vernal Conjunctivitis) is a highly uncomfortable but
treatable condition. With timely diagnosis, proper treatment, and
preventive measures, patients can manage symptoms effectively and protect their
vision.

If you or your child experience persistent eye redness, itching, or light
sensitivity during warm weather, consult an ophthalmologist immediately.