Glaucoma was referred to in ancient times as the silent thief of sight. It silently and slowly robs patients of their ability to see, without pain or obvious symptoms, until the eye symptoms cause significant blindness. Know glaucoma, the symptoms of glaucoma, the diagnosis of glaucoma and the treatment of glaucoma to maintain your eyesight. Truly, the best treatment is prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment since damage to the optic nerve associated with glaucoma is irreversible.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma describes a group of eye diseases that produce damage to the optic nerve, usually related to an increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure [IOP]). The optic nerve is responsible for taking information regarding vision from the eye to the brain. Once damaged, vision lost due to glaucoma occurs. The two major types are:

• Open-angle glaucoma: The most common form of glaucoma, open-angle glaucoma develops slowly and without pain, often without early glaucoma  symptoms. In this condition, the liquid (aqueous humor) inside your eye typically drains too slowly to maintain a normal eye pressure, causing slow and gradual eye pressure build up.
• Angle-closure glaucoma: This less common type of glaucoma is often more severe and accompanies with symptoms that appear suddenly necessitating emergency treatment. In this form of glaucoma, the drainage of fluid has suddenly become blocked and eye pressure is rising very quickly.

Why Is Understanding Glaucoma Important?

The early symptoms of glaucoma, are usually really subtle or completely absent, which allows the disease to progress without being noticed until the damage is significant, and the patient’s vision is compromised. Because of this, being aware and knowledgeable about glaucoma and the early symptoms of glaucoma is important. Recognizing glaucoma early through a routine eye exam means treatment can begin early enough to hopefully avoid or limit damage to the optic nerve and the patient losing significant vision.

Glaucoma Symptoms: What to Watch For

Symptoms vary based on the type of glaucoma:

•  For open-angle glaucoma the symptoms build slowly. Patients often report slow peripheral vision loss which is undetectable until they start developing tunnel vision in advanced disease stage.
•   An angle-closure glaucoma is different as the symptoms often occur suddenly and dramatically. Patients can experience severe eye pain, headache, eye reddening, blurred vision or halos around lights, nausea, and vomiting.

If you have sudden eye pain or rapidly changing vision, please seek emergency medical assistance immediately to avoid permanent vision loss due to glaucoma.

Early Signs of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a slowly progressing disease that can be difficult to evaluate for its early symptoms without an eye care professional’s examination. Early warning signs may include:

•       Subtle loss of peripheral vision that often goes unnoticed
•       Occasional bouts of blurry vision or mild discomfort in the eyes
•       Mild headaches due to eye strain

The best way to catch these early symptoms of glaucoma before too much damage occurs is through regular comprehensive eye exams.

Glaucoma Diagnosis: How Is It Done?

Eye professionals in pune uses several tests to definitively confirm a diagnosis of glaucoma:

• Tonometry, a test that measures intraocular pressure
• Ophthalmoscopy, which allows the eye care professional to examine the optic nerve for damage
•  Visual field testing (perimetry) to detect a loss of peripheral vision
•  Pachymetry, which measures the corneal thickness and helps clarify the intraocular pressure
•  Gonioscopy, which looks at the angle of the eye where drainage takes place and determines if there are open or closed drainage pathways for fluid outflow

If you are 60 years or older, have a family history of glaucoma in your family, or are a member of one of the at-risk ethnic groups (African, Asian, or Hispanic descent), then you should have your eyes assessed at least once every one to two years in order for a professional to catch the signs of glaucoma sooner rather than later.

Can Glaucoma Be Cured?

At this time, there is no cure for glaucoma. However, early diagnosis and treatment can help control the disease and slow progression. The main goal of glaucoma treatment is to reduce intraocular pressure and protect the optic nerve from further damage, which can lead to vision loss.

Treatment options for glaucoma include:

• Prescription eye drops to lower eye pressure.
• Oral medications if the eye drops do not drop pressure sufficiently.
• Laser procedures that provide drainage for eye fluid.
• Surgical procedures that establish new drainage pathways or implant devices that control eye pressure.

It is important to follow the treatment regimen exactly as prescribed so that the best chance of vision preservation is met.

Vision Loss Due to Glaucoma: What to Expect

With glaucoma, vision loss generally begins with a loss of peripheral vision and progresses inward to tunnel vision. If left untreated, it can progress and result in total blindness. The vision loss of glaucoma, unlike most other eye diseases, is permanent and cannot be restored. Consequently, the purpose of glaucoma treatment is to limit more damage to the optic nerve instead of trying to recover lost sight.

For patients with advanced vision loss, rehabilitation services can help individuals maintain independence in response to loss of vision. In addition, visual aids may also be utilized to improve quality of life in response to impairment.

Who Is at Risk for Glaucoma?

Certain risk factors may increase the chances of developing glaucoma, such as: 

•       Being over the age of 60. 
•       A family history of glaucoma. 
•       Being African American, Caribbean, Asian, or Hispanic. 
•       Elevated pressure in the eye. 
•       Nearsightedness. 
•       A prior corrective eye surgery, eye injury, or have received long-term corticosteroids. 

If you belong in these risk categories you should be screened for glaucoma diagnosis regularly. 

Protecting Your Vision: Key Steps

•   Be aware of the early signs of glaucoma and do not disregard small changes in your vision or discomfort in your eyes.
•   Get regular comprehensive dilated eye exams regardless of whether or not your vision seems normal.
•   If you have been diagnosed with glaucoma, make sure to follow the treatment plan closely.
•  Keeps systemic health issues like hypertension, diabetes, and smoking under control.

  Don’t wait until it’s too late. Book an appointment for glaucoma evaluation today.